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Arbëreshë (also known as Arbërisht, Arbërishtja or T'arbrisht) is an ethnolect spoken by the Arbëreshë, the Albanian ethnic and language group in Italy. ==Classification== Arbëresh derives from the Tosk dialect spoken in southern Albania and ultimately from the Arvanitika dialect of the Albanian language. Arbëresh is spoken in Southern Italy in the regions of Abruzzi, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Molise, Apulia and Sicily. All dialects are closely related to each other but are not entirely mutually intelligible. Arbëresh retains many archaisms of medieval Albanian from the time before the Ottoman invasion of Albania in the 15th century. It also retains some Greek elements, including vocabulary and pronunciation, most of which it shares with its relative Arvanitika. It has also preserved some conservative features that were lost in mainstream Albanian Tosk. For example, it has preserved certain syllable-initial consonant clusters which have been simplified in Standard Albanian (cf. Arbëresh ''gluhë'' ('language/tongue'), vs. Standard Albanian ''gjuhë'' ). Arbëresh most resembles the dialect of Albanian spoken in the south-central region of Albania, by the Albanian speaking population. Arbëresh was commonly called 'Albanese' (Albanian in the Italian language) in Italy until the 1990s. Until recently, Arbëresh speakers had only very imprecise notions about how related or unrelated their language was to Albanian. Until the 1980s Arbëresh was exclusively a spoken language, except for its written form used in the Italo-Albanian Byzantine Church, and Arbëreshë people had no practical connection with the Standard Albanian language used in Albania, as they did not use this form in writing or in media. When a large number of immigrants from Albania began to enter Italy in the 1990s and came into contact with local Arbëreshë communities, the differences and similarities were for the first time made apparent. The Arbëreshë have mixed feelings towards the "new Albanians".〔New Albanian Immigrants in the Old Albanian Diaspora: Piana Degli Albanesi. Eda Derhemi〕 Since the 1980s, some efforts have been organized to preserve the cultural and linguistic heritage of the language. Arbëresh has been slowly declining in recent decades, but is currently experiencing a revival in many villages in Italy. Figures such as Zef Skirò Di Maxho have done much work on school books and other language learning tools in the language, producing two books 'Udha e Mbarë' and 'Udhëtimi', both used in schools in the village of Piana degli Albanesi, Sicily. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Arbëresh language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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